About Me

Optimization, forecasting, and AI for decision-making at scale

What I Work On

I design systems that make high-stakes decisions under uncertainty — which packages go where, how much capacity to allocate, when to adjust plans in real time. The problems are coupled, stochastic, and time-sensitive, and they span routing, demand forecasting, capacity planning, and warehouse operations.

At Amazon, this work powers last-mile delivery across a global logistics network. Before that, I built optimization systems for shipment planning and train routing at BNSF Railway. The common thread is operations research, machine learning, and systems architecture — applied to decisions that matter at scale.

In practice, that means building forecasting platforms that manage over a million concurrent prediction models across six global regions, designing combinatorial optimization engines that assign millions of packages to delivery routes daily, and developing capacity planning systems that balance cost, speed, and service quality under demand uncertainty. These systems are deeply interconnected — a demand forecast drives how much capacity to reserve, which shapes how packages get assigned to routes, and all of it has to adapt in real time as conditions change on the ground.

More recently, my research has expanded into agentic AI and multi-agent coordination — how autonomous agents can make reliable decisions in complex environments, and how we diagnose and intervene when they don't. It's a natural extension of the same core question: how do you make good decisions at scale when the system is interconnected, uncertain, and evolving?

Recognition & Service

Peer-Reviewed Industry Science Conferences (2021–2026)

23 peer-reviewed publications at Amazon's scientific conferences (AMLC & CSS), with 10 selected for oral presentation (<9% average oral acceptance rate). Top 0.07% of all scientists with accepted papers.

23 papers accepted 10 oral presentations 6 consecutive years

Spanning Operations Research & Optimization, Machine Learning, Forecasting, and Data Science.

2026
Donald P. Gaver Early Career Award Committee, INFORMS

Committee member (2026–27).

Role: Committee Member

2018

INFORMS Prize — BNSF Railway

Recognized for pioneering integration of operations research. Past recipients include Intel, UPS, IBM, and Disney.

Role: Lead OR Scientist

2024

INFORMS Invited Panelist

Invited to represent Amazon Last Mile on a panel on Network Analytics.

Role: Invited Panelist

2022

Top 2 OR Paper, Amazon ML Conference

Warehouse operations optimization combining machine learning with integer programming.

Role: Research Scientist

2015

Best PhD Research Award

IROM Research Symposium, University of Texas at Austin.

Role: PhD Researcher

2011–13

Doctoral Fellowships, UT Austin

Dean's Fellowship, Bonham Fellowship, and Supply Chain Management Center of Excellence Scholarship — McCombs School of Business.

Role: PhD Student

Service to the Field

Peer Review & Program Committees

Area Chair, NeurIPS 2026 (Verifiable Agents). Reviewer for ITOR (×3), COLM 2026 (Efficient Reasoning), ACL TrustNLP 2026, Networks, Production & Operations Management, and European Journal of Operations Research.

Competition Judging

Judge, INFORMS RAS Problem Solving Competition (2018, 2019).

Mentorship

Technical mentor to 14 research and data scientists across multiple Amazon teams and global regions.

Research & Applied Systems

Peer-Reviewed Publication

Subscription Pricing for Free Delivery Services

Balakrishnan, A., Sundaresan, S., & Mohapatra, C.

Production and Operations Management, 33(4), 943-961, 2024

Key finding: Universal free-delivery subscriptions generate 33.7% more profit vs. paid delivery.

Read Paper →
Granted Patent

Enhanced Batch Computing Architecture and Techniques for Consensus Planning for Large-Scale Supply Chains

US 12,499,399 B1

Supply Chain Optimization · 2025

View on Google Patents →
Granted Patent

Designing Storage Pods with Layers of Bins or Slots

US 12,504,281 B1

Warehouse Operations · 2025

View on Google Patents →

Delivery Network Optimization

Designing algorithms that decide how millions of packages move through large-scale delivery networks — balancing density, cost, speed, and carrier capacity in real time.

  • Combinatorial optimization for package-to-route assignment at national scale
  • Geospatial cost estimation with orders-of-magnitude granularity improvements
  • Real-time decision systems processing millions of packages daily
Vehicle RoutingNetwork OptimizationGeospatialCost Modeling

Demand Forecasting & Planning

Building forecasting platforms that manage millions of concurrent prediction models across global regions, combining statistical, deep learning, and ensemble methods to drive operational planning.

  • Multi-horizon forecasting architecture spanning 6 global regions
  • Hierarchical reconciliation across station, region, and network levels
  • Short-horizon models for real-time capacity alignment during demand surges
Time SeriesEnsemble MethodsHierarchical ForecastingDeep Learning
Patent: US 12,499,399 B1 (Granted) → Presented: INFORMS 2024, POMS 2024 (Invited Tutorial)

Warehouse Operations

Applying optimization and machine learning to warehouse floor operations — from task sequencing and makespan minimization to physical storage design.

  • ML-driven task duration prediction combined with integer programming for scheduling
  • Combinatorial optimization for configurable storage unit design
  • Won Top 2 OR Paper Award at Amazon Machine Learning Conference 2022
Integer ProgrammingMLCombinatorial OptimizationWarehouse Design
Patent: US 12,504,281 B1 (Granted) → AMLC 2022 Top 2 OR Paper Presented: INFORMS 2023

Subscription & Pricing

Game-theoretic modeling of subscription plan design under retail competition — determining when universal free delivery outperforms tiered or paid alternatives.

  • Universal free-delivery subscriptions generate 33.7% more profit vs. paid delivery
  • Published in Production and Operations Management (2024)
  • Analytical framework for competing retailers with heterogeneous consumers
PricingGame TheoryRevenue Management
Paper → Press: Phys.org / UT Austin → Presented: MSOM 2016, MSOM 2019, ISB 2017 (Invited)

Railroad Network Optimization

Optimizing train routing, scheduling, and infrastructure health across BNSF Railway's 32,500-mile national network — solving capacity-aware problems at previously intractable scale.

  • Capacity-aware routing and scheduling across 28 states and 3 Canadian provinces
  • Large-scale models (10M+ variables, 20M+ constraints) with sub-second runtime
  • Sensor-based defect detection processing terabytes of real-time data
Network OptimizationInteger ProgrammingPredictive MaintenanceSensor Data
INFORMS Prize 2018, Wagner Prize Finalist 2017 Presented: INFORMS 2018 (INFORMS Prize Year)

Production Systems

Package Selection Systems

Research Scientist / Lead Research Scientist

A family of optimization systems that determine which packages to assign to which delivery stations and routes, maximizing network density while balancing cost, speed, and capacity constraints across the entire fulfillment-to-doorstep pipeline.

Vehicle RoutingMathematical ProgrammingCost EstimationNetwork Optimization
Millions of packages daily across 1,000+ stations Deployed across Amazon's US delivery network

Press: Supply Chain Dive, Route Advisors | INFORMS 2022, INFORMS 2024 (Invited Panel)

Demand Forecasting Systems

Lead Research Scientist

A large-scale forecasting platform managing concurrent prediction models across multiple global regions, combining classical statistical, deep learning, and tree-based ensemble methods with hierarchical reconciliation to drive capacity and staffing decisions.

Demand ForecastingMachine LearningTime Series
1M+ concurrent models across 6 global regions 6 regions, 4 time horizons, 10M+ weekly forecasts

Press: INFORMS 2024, POMS 2024 (Invited Tutorial)

Capacity Planning & Supply Chain Coordination

Lead Research Scientist

Capacity Planning Under Uncertainty & Supply Chain Coordination

Systems that allocate delivery capacity under demand uncertainty and coordinate across supply chain stakeholders — from warehouse labor planning to network-wide resource balancing — ensuring service targets are met even as conditions shift.

Capacity PlanningStochastic OptimizationSupply Chain
Multi-region network coordination under demand uncertainty End-to-end supply chain, multiple planning horizons

Press: POMS 2024 (Invited Tutorial), INFORMS 2023

Railroad Network Optimization

Lead Operations Research Scientist

Railroad Network Optimization — BNSF Railway

Optimized train routing and scheduling across BNSF Railway's 32,500-mile rail network spanning 28 states and 3 Canadian provinces. Solved capacity-aware routing at a scale previously considered intractable.

Network OptimizationInteger ProgrammingRailroad
32,500-mile network, 28 states 32,500-mile network, 28 states

Press: INFORMS Prize 2018

Sensor Health Detection & Failure Analysis

Lead Operations Research Scientist

Sensor Health Detection & Failure Analysis — BNSF Railway

Built predictive models for detecting rail infrastructure sensor degradation and failure patterns across BNSF Railway's network, enabling proactive maintenance and reducing unplanned service disruptions.

Predictive MaintenanceAnomaly DetectionTime SeriesRailroad
Proactive maintenance across national rail network BNSF Railway sensor network

Press: INFORMS 2018 (INFORMS Prize Year)

Patent Portfolio

Granted

Enhanced Batch Computing Architecture and Techniques for Consensus Planning for Large-Scale Supply Chains

US 12,499,399 B1 · 2025

View on Google Patents ↗
Granted

Designing Storage Pods with Layers of Bins or Slots

US 12,504,281 B1 · 2025

View on Google Patents ↗
Pending

Multi-agent coordination systems

Filed: 2026

Pending

Time-series forecasting

Filed: 2024

Pending

Jurisdiction planning & route optimization

Filed: 2023

Pending

Granular delivery cost estimation

Filed: 2022

Pending

Pre-sequenced oversized package storage

Filed: 2022

Pending

Warehouse makespan optimization using machine learning

Filed: 2022

Pending

Configurable nested storage pods

Filed: 2022

Pending

Large-scale parallel route simulations

Filed: 2021

Interested in Collaborating?

Whether it's research, speaking, or just a good conversation about OR and AI — I'd love to connect.

Let's Talk